Aluminum wiring
Solid aluminum branch wiring used in some 1960s–70s homes that needs special connections.
During a copper shortage from roughly 1965 to 1973, many homes were wired with solid aluminum branch circuits. Aluminum expands, contracts, and oxidizes more than copper, so connections at outlets, switches, and the panel can loosen and overheat over time — a recognized fire risk. The fix is not necessarily a full rewire: a licensed electrician can install approved connectors (such as COPALUM crimps or listed pigtail devices) at every termination. If you have aluminum branch wiring, have it evaluated and ask your insurer how they want it handled. See our guide to [maintaining a historic or century home](/guides/historic-and-century-home-maintenance).